The 7805 voltage regulator is a popular positive linear regulator that provides a stable +5V DC output, perfect for powering microcontrollers, sensors, and logic circuits in embedded and DIY electronics projects.

The 2N2222A is a popular NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) known for its high-speed switching and signal amplification capabilities. It is widely used in switching circuits, amplifiers, motor control, and embedded systems, making it a versatile choice for electronics enthusiasts and professionals.

The BC547 is a general-purpose NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT), widely used in switching and amplification applications. It is a low-power transistor suitable for audio pre-amplifiers, signal processing, and digital switching circuits.

The 4N35 is a high-performance optocoupler (opto-isolator) with a phototransistor output, designed for signal isolation, noise reduction, and interfacing between high-voltage and low-voltage circuits. It is widely used in microcontroller applications, industrial control systems, power electronics, and signal isolation circuits.

The SN74HC595N is an 8-bit serial-in, parallel-out shift register with a storage register and 3-state outputs, housed in a DIP-16 package. It is widely used in microcontroller applications, LED matrix displays, digital circuits, and expanding GPIO pins for Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP32, and other embedded systems.